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lead oxide

CAS No.: 1314-41-6
Formula: O4Pb3
Molecular Weight: 685.6
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What is lead oxide

**Introduction to Lead Oxide** Lead oxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbO, existing in two primary forms: litharge (tetragonal) and massicot (orthorhombic). It is a versatile material widely used in industrial applications, including lead-acid batteries, glass manufacturing, ceramics, and pigments. Due to its high density and stability, lead oxide plays a crucial role in battery electrodes, enhancing energy storage efficiency. Additionally, it serves as a key component in radiation shielding and specialty coatings. While effective, handling requires caution due to its toxicity. With its unique chemical properties and broad utility, lead oxide remains an essential material in multiple technological and industrial sectors.

Preparation Process: Lead oxide (PbO) can be prepared by heating lead metal in air at 500–600°C, forming yellow litharge (α-PbO). Alternatively, lead(II) nitrate or carbonate can be thermally decomposed at 300–400°C to yield PbO. For red lead (Pb₃O₄), further oxidation of PbO at 450–500°C is required. Another method involves reacting lead(II) acetate with sodium hydroxide to form a precipitate, which is then calcined. Electrolysis of lead(II) salts or oxidation of molten lead with potassium nitrate also produces PbO. Ensure proper ventilation due to toxic lead fumes. The product’s color (yellow or red) depends on temperature and cooling rate.

Usage Scenarios: Lead oxide (PbO) is primarily used in the manufacturing of lead-acid batteries, where it serves as a key component in the electrodes. It is also employed in the production of glass and ceramics, improving durability and optical properties. In the chemical industry, lead oxide acts as a catalyst in oxidation reactions. Additionally, it is used in pigments, enamels, and glazes due to its vibrant colors and stability. Lead oxide finds applications in radiation shielding materials and as a vulcanizing agent in rubber production. Its semiconducting properties make it useful in electronic devices, while its role in pyrotechnics enhances flame coloration.

lead oxide Basic Info
Chemical Name lead oxide
Synonyms RED LEAD OXIDE;LEAD TETROXIDE;MINIUM;LEAD TETRAOXIDE;LEAD(II,IV) OXIDE;Pb3-O4;Sandix;ci77578;mennige;oxolead
CAS No. 1314-41-6
Molecular Formula O4Pb3
Molecular Weight 685.6
PSA 36.92000
LogP -1.41600
Safely Info
RTECS OG5425000
Hazard Class 5.1
Safety Statements 53-45-60-61-36/37
HS Code 28249010
WGK Germany 3
Packing Group -
RIDADR UN 1479 5.1/PG 2
Risk Statements 61-8-20/22-33-50/53-62-48/23/25-40
Hazard Codes O,T,N
Caution Statement P202-P210-P273-P301+P312-P304+P340+P312-P308+P313
Hazard Declaration H272-H302+H332-H351-H360-H372-H410
Symbol GHS03,GHS07,GHS08,GHS09
Signal Word Danger
lead oxide Price
United States: $2,000 - $3,000 per metric ton
China: $1,800 - $2,500 per metric ton
Russia: $2,000 - $3,000 per metric ton
Germany: $2,200 - $3,200 per metric ton
India: $1,700 - $2,300 per metric ton
Japan: $2,500 - $3,500 per metric ton
Brazil: $2,200 - $2,800 per metric ton
South Korea: $2,400 - $3,200 per metric ton
Philippines: $2,100 - $2,700 per metric ton
United Kingdom: $2,300 - $3,300 per metric ton
France: $2,300 - $3,300 per metric ton
Mexico: $2,000 - $2,700 per metric ton
Canada: $2,200 - $3,200 per metric ton
South Africa: $2,100 - $2,800 per metric ton
Egypt: $1,800 - $2,500 per metric ton
Turkey: $2,000 - $2,800 per metric ton
Thailand: $2,100 - $2,700 per metric ton
Indonesia: $1,900 - $2,600 per metric ton
MSDS
MSDS
Name: Lead(ii iv) oxide red 98% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym: Lead oxide; red lead oxide; Mineral Oxid
CAS: 1314-41-6
Section 1 - Chemical Product   MSDS Name:Lead(ii iv) oxide red 98% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Lead oxide; red lead oxide; Mineral Oxid

Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS#
1314-41-6 Lead(II,IV) oxide, red 98.0 215-235-6
Hazard Symbols: T N
Risk Phrases: 20/22 33 61 62 50/53

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
  EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Danger of cumulative effects. May cause harm to the unborn child. Possible risk of impaired fertility. Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.Oxidizer.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye irritation.
Skin:
Causes skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause kidney damage.
Inhalation:
Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to those described for ingestion.
Chronic:
Chronic exposure to lead may result in plumbism which is characterized by lead line in gum, headache, muscle weakness, mental changes.

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
  Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:
Antidote: The use of d-Penicillamine as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel. The use of Calcium disodium EDTA as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel.
The use of Dimercaprol or BAL (British Anti-Lewisite) as a chelating agent should be determined by qualified medical personnel.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
  General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Combustion generates toxic fumes. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Oxidizer. Greatly increases the burning rate of combustible materials.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water only!

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
  General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting waters.

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
  Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Keep from contact with clothing and other combustible materials. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.
Storage:
Do not store near combustible materials. Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
  Engineering Controls:
Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.
Exposure Limits CAS# 1314-41-6: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: (listed as lead compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 (as Pb) United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: (listed as lead compounds): 0.45 mg/m TWA (as Pb) United States OSHA: 50 g/m3 TWA (as Pb); 30 g/m3 Action Level ( Pb. Poison - see 29 CFR 1910.10 25) (listed under Lead, inorgani compounds).
Belgium - TWA: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 (dust and fume) France - VME: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (as Pb) Germany: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 VME (as Pb) Japan: (listed as lead compounds): 0.1 mg/m3 OEL (except alkyl le compounds, as Pb) Malaysia: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.05 mg/m3 TWA ( Pb) Netherlands: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 MA (dust and smoke, as Pb) Russia: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA (as Spain: (listed as lead, inorganic compounds): 0.15 mg/m3 VLA-ED ( Pb) Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
 
Physical State: Solid
Color: orange - bright red
Odor: Odorless.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg @ 943C
Viscosity: Not applicable.
Boiling Point: 2682 deg F
Freezing/Melting Point: 890-986F
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Solubility in water: Insoluble in water.
Specific Gravity/Density: 8.32-9.16
Molecular Formula: Pb3O4
Molecular Weight: 685.5976

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
  Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Explodes on contact with peroxyformic acid.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, dust generation, combustible materials, reducing agents, strong oxidants.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong reducing agents, potassium, hydrogen peroxides, sodium, sulfides (inorganic, e.g. ferric sulfide, lead sulfide, sodium sulfide), sulfites, dichloromethylsilane, seleninyl chloride.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, oxygen, lead/lead oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
  RTECS#:
CAS# 1314-41-6: OG5425000 LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Lead(II,IV) oxide, red - California: carcinogen, initial date 10/1/92 (listed as Lead compounds NTP: Suspect carcinogen (listed as Lead compounds).
IARC: Group 2A carcinogen (listed as Lead, inorganic compounds).
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
  Other No information available.

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
  Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION
 
IATA
Shipping Name: LEAD COMPOUND, SOLUBLE, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 2291
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: LEAD COMPOUND, SOLUBLE, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 2291
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: LEAD COMPOUND, SOLUBLE, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 2291
Packing group: III

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
 
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T N
Risk Phrases:
R 61 May cause harm to the unborn child.
R 20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
R 33 Danger of cumulative effects.
R 50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause
long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R 62 Possible risk of impaired fertility.
Safety Phrases:
S 53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
before use.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
S 60 This material and its container must be
disposed of as hazardous waste.
S 61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to
special instructions/safety data sheets.
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 1314-41-6: 2
Canada
CAS# 1314-41-6 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 1314-41-6 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 1314-41-6 is listed on the TSCA inventory.


SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A
SDS 1.0
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